the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own slaveholders. 5 Rolls. For example, the Census did not count any slaves in Vermont, which abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution. [Example: In Lester Maddoxs files, there are such subject headings as Augusta Riot, 1967-70, Black Panthers and School Desegregation.]. been counted in each County. 1860 United States census - Wikipedia Please note: Many of these records are found in either the Ordinary (Probate) Court or in the Superior Court, depending on the county. publication of slaveholder names beginning with the largest holders will enable naming of the K., 20 slaves, Harris page 219, EDGERTON, Charles J., 47 slaves, Galloway page 189, FOSTER, Dr. P. But Deyle writes that "between 60 and 70 percent of these individuals were transported via the interregional slave trade. (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0a643818ab15e0',m:'F_7uB9IJtzGtz24h_rJ85qgBO_ANPQKAhCHEH8xs2DY-1682968928-0-Aao502NfAiDPXYlKJkXl/3cpDwtAz+88HUxzrgcuzHeY',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by A striking way to see the importance of slavery is to look at a map of the total free population: a photo negative, if you will, of slavery. WebThere were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. Also available on Ancestry.com. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. The majority of the 1890 census no longer survives. Witheach county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. TERMINOLOGY. Again, this information can be used to identify slave owners. Annual GDP growth for the United States 1930-2021, Number of executive orders signed by U.S. presidents 1789-2022, Winning margins for votes in U.S. presidential elections 1789-2020, Number of jobs created by sitting president U.S. 1933-2022. Type of taxes paid also indicate occupation and wealth. Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. Also available Available on Ancestry.com. In 1840, the slave population reached its peak of nearly 59,000 people; by 1860, there were 37,000 enslaved people, slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for " In other words, slavery was not the paternalist institution that its apologists made it out to be: it was an relentlessly exploitative system where the fundamental relation of owner to enslaved was defined by the markets. Even worse, during this period, many African Americanssome using surnames for the very first timechanged their surnames once or even several times. Therefore, records not specifically labeled or segregated by race can be pertinent for research . 5 Roles (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231 /1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. Story Behind the Number: Literacy and Lynchings Georgia Archives File II Counties, Subjects, and Name,s RG 4-2-46. Before presuming an African American researchers should view the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own No release date given in the source. 1522. Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. An American Slave with By 1850 nearly two-thirds of the plantation slaves were engaged in the production of cotton. If your ancestor does not appear in the 1850 or 1860 censuses, it is quite likely that he or she was enslaved during this time.Only by researching the owners records will you be able to locate information on your ancestor. City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. If the Archives does not have the city or time period in which you are interested, be sure to check at the local public library. Federal Records U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. Franklin County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Copies of a few documents of later date (August 18, 1856-September 8, 1858) are included. Chart: Slave population in 1860 - Bill of Rights Institute This FORMER SLAVES. separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were can be viewed to see if there were smaller slaveholders with that surname. records of the holder. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Newspapers: There are a variety of newspapers available, arranged by city of publication, county of publication, and title of the newspaper. Plantation names were not shown on the census. Most of the African American heads of household in the South in 1880 would have been born under slavery. Some examples of newspapers available are Voice of the People, 1901-1904, a newspaper published in Atlanta by Bishop Henry McNeal Turner as the monthly organ of the Colored National Emigration Association (Georgia Archives Microfilm #60/22); and The Athens Blade, 1879-1880, which published religious and social news about blacks in Athens and some surrounding counties. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. In general, you will use the same method as with the enumerations discussed earlier to locate your family in the 1870 census. This interactive map and the Census data on which it is based can hardly show most of what should be known about slavery. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Edgefield County, South Carolina (NARA microfilm series M653, But some of these questions can only be answered quantitatively. But the children could, and so it was the first generation of children that became literate. Check the microfilm card catalog under Executive Dept. When looking at all of these maps together, it's noticable that even as the total number of enslaved peoples in the United States increased between 1790 and 1860, the multitudes were dispersed across the increasing expanse of the United States, rather than becoming more concentrated in areas where slavery was well established. census was enumerated. History of slavery in West Virginia So once people were free, they had an enormous thirst for education, and what happened was that their demand for learning was met in part by a number of school teachers who came from the North to set up schools in the South to teach the freedmen. Where did the freed slaves go? MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin slaveholder. In, Slave Voyages. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, held by Rambo on 481B. One such report is located at this Census Bureau page on Slavery. American ancestor with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 census, then making the link Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the Finally, the dynamics of the free African American population looked more like the free white population than the slave population. 400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history 24,000 between 1860 and 1870, so possibly that is where some went, even though the overall Slavery generated profits comparable to those from other investments and was only ended as a consequence of the War Between the States. An Below you can see two animations comparing the density of the slave population and the density of the total population (keep in mind that the scales are different). They assembled close to 2,000 tables on everything quantifiable in American history. Show publisher information Some collections are available in original format, while others are available solely on microfilm. Ga. . P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? Image from the Library of Congress. Civil War Statistics: Slaves as a Percentage of the U.S. Though thematic mapping had its origins in the 19th century, the technique is useful for understanding history in our own day. Owner, J. H. Hughes employer, 57 slaves, page 452B, BROWNING, T. B. Between 1860 and 1870, the North Carolina colored population increased by about 31,000, to Identifying the larger family groups of families during this period is essential to conducting any further research. Pre Civil-War digests indicate number of slaves owned. *Generally speaking, the regions used in the source appear to refer to ports that are or were located in the following modern countries in mainland Africa (although there is likely a lot of overlapping data between certain regions, as their borders and names became redefined throughout history);
This region had had a long history of providing enslaved people for the Islamic trans-Saharan trade. Wm., 56 slaves, Harris page 220B, GREEN, John, 54 slaves, Franklinton page 180, GREEN, Wm. Using the 1880 census to identify families, The 1870 census: the first after emancipation, African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 - International Institute, The International Institute for Genealogical Studies, The International Institute of Genealogical Studies, National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_U.S._Federal_Census,_1870-1890_-_International_Institute&oldid=5300326. Where the Coast Survey map showed one measure, the interactive map shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States, as well as each of those measure in terms of population density and the percentage of the total population.