which ecosystem likely has the highest biodiversity?which ecosystem likely has the highest biodiversity?

Available at: https://www.protectedplanet.net/555703557. Wetlands in the Aral Sea basin were reported to have been impacted by anthropogenic activities that led to the degradation of vegetation in the riparian zone (Jiang, Jiapaer, Bao, Guo, & Ndayisaba, 2017), (Kasprzykowski, Goawski, Mitrus, & Staski, 2014). Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The governments of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan have been undertaking large-scale afforestation activities on the dried-out Aral Seabed over the past several decadesFootnote 1 to mitigate the impacts of frequent dust storms both on the population and the environment. The government of Uzbekistan has been issuing quotas for artemia harvesting in the Aral Sea (Marden, et al., 2012), but in 2022 the quota was substantially reduced, likely because the artemia populations are also decreasing (Anonymous, 2022). You cannot download interactives. WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST. Based on the information in the chart. Drylands, which are among the worlds most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change and cover a little less than the half of the global terrestrial surface, were the focus of this study. Qi L, Yao Y, English DE, Ma R, Luft J, Hu C (2021) Remote sensing of brine shrimp cysts in salt lakes. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. Sustain Sci 15:12551266. Using a microscope, we would be able to see hundreds or even thousands of different bacteria that inhabit the pond water. Protected areas, as a means of environmental restoration on a wider landscape scale by encompassing multiple ecosystem types, seem to have more of a quantity rather than a quality approach in Uzbekistan. Local, national, andinternational organizations are cooperating to preserve the biodiversity of regions threatened by development or natural disasters.UNESCOsWorld Heritage Siteprogram recognizes areas of global importance, such as the enormous wetland region of thePantanalin South America. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. http://nsdg.stat.uz/en, Thorslund J, Jarsjo J, Jaramillo F, Jawitz JW, Manzoni S, Basu NB, Destouni G (2017) Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions: Status and challenges for research, engineering and management. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sci Total Environ 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147058, Lamers JP, Bobojonov I, Khamzina A, Franz JS (2008) Financial analysis of small-scale forests in the amu darya lowlands of rural uzbekistan. This may not be a promising investment in terms of time, human and financial resources unless timely post-afforestation monitoring and R&D on the quality of land is ensured. Antarctica, covered almost entirely by anice sheet, has low biodiversity.Another way to measure biodiversity isgenetic diversity.Genes are the basic units of biological information passed on when living things reproduce. Its the most detailed map of its kind so far. For instance, local residents in Muynak region of Karakalpakstan get hired by the State Forestry Committee to collect the seeds of saxaul plants on a seasonal basis. Oryx 45:461462. Glob Change Biol 27:13281348. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by SA. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. (S. Alikhanova, Interviewer), Arashkevich EG, Sapozhnikov PV, Soloviov KA, Kudyshkin TV, Zavialov PO (2009) Artemia parthenogenetica (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Large Aral Sea: Abundance, distribution, population structure and cyst production. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Rome, Feng S, Fu Q (2013) Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. Scientists are interested in how much biodiversity there is on a global scale, given that there is still so much biodiversity to discover. Many cases reported on not the actual implementation and outcomes of NbS, but rather on the potential of adopting specific approaches (e.g., agroforestry/intercropping on marginal lands, application of halophytes to restore degraded soil on grazelands) as a tool to rehabilitate degraded land and wetlands. Bees and other insects carrypollenfrom one plant to another, which enables the plants to reproduce. Further, wetlands nested within larger dryland landscapes are reported to be among the ecosystems most effected by climate change (Parra, et al., 2021), (Williams, 1999), hence are in need of urgent conservation action. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12790, Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. Land Degrad Dev 32:44724483. All these have led to increased levels of soil and water salinity, as well as to the reduction of the water table of desert pastures in the Aral Sea basin (Toderich, et al., 2013b). Most people recognize biodiversity by speciesa group of individual living organisms that can interbreed. (2022) https://lex.uz/docs/5892355, Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment of South Ustyurt National Park (in Uzbek language). Over half of all the animals already identified are invertebrates. Climate change and biodiversity loss arguably represent the most substantial challenges to ecosystem health and supply of nature's contributions to people (NCP) ().They also directly and indirectly affect human health and well-being and the functioning and sustainability of human societies at the global scale (2, 3).Increases in greenhouse gas emissions now exceed 55 billion tonnes of carbon . In the long term, rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in the Aral Sea basin has a potential to improve livelihood options of local pastoralists. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Sudochye-Akpetki state wildlife sanctuaryFootnote 6 total area: 2805.07km2, year of designation: 2021. All dogs are part of the same species, but their genes can dictate whether they are Chihuahua or a Great Dane. Also, wetlands in drylands are considered crucial for regional biodiversity (Williams, 1999), and the vital importance of wetlands and ecosystem services they provide in dry areas such as the Aral Sea region cannot be neglected. Parks 27:193196. Many national parks, such as Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana, protect biodiversity within the park by restricting extractive activities, such asmininganddrilling.Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established to preserve sea life. From Borneo to the Andes and pole to pole, Earths plants and animals cling to dwindling habitat and edge closer to extinctiona global biodiversity crisis crying out for action. States of the Union: Ranking America's Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<517::AID-AQC383>3.0.CO;2-C. Yang Y, Yuanyue P, Xiang Y, Zhijie T, Lingxiao S, Disse M, Ruide Y (2019) Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years. Biosyst Eng 81:334. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2013.855958, Schad P (2014) World reference base for soil resources 2014. https://www.fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf, Schlter M, Khasankhanova G, Talskikh V, Taryannikova R, Agaltseva N, Joldasova I, Abdullaev U (2013) Enhancing resilience to water flow uncertainty by integrating environmental flows into water management in the Amudarya River, Central Asia. Moreover, literature review explicitly revealed that wetland restoration in the Aral Sea basin has never been documented as a nature-based solution, nor has rangeland restoration been. In areas with lots of biodiversity, insects and other creatures pollinate plants naturally. The system is dynamic and thus offers a wide range of species. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Ecol Eng 108:489497. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/N21/115/89/pdf/N2111589.pdf? Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Nationwide, the Interior Department is seeking public input until March 7 on questions such as what should count as conserved land and waters under President Bidens 30 percent commitment. IUCN has set out a Global Standard for Nature-Based Solutions (IUCN, 2020), which defines eight criteria for addressing societal, economic, and environmental dimensions for NbS design and implementation (Fig. Environmental Management (2023). PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY! Species diversity is only one part of biodiversity. Many of the corals buildcoral reefs, which are home to hundreds more species, from tinyseaweeds to large sharks.Some places in the world have a large number ofendemic speciesspecies that exist only in that place. So, its critical for officials to know where imperiled species exist. The final list was formed based on the recently formalized definition of nature-based solutions by the IUCN neglecting small-scale interventions, which in some cases the authors considered to represent NbS. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The water consumption associated with afforestation is another issue that needs to be further evaluated (Tew, Vanguelova, & Sutherland, 2021), (Yao, Fu, Liu, Wang, & Song, 2021), (An, Chang, Han, Khamzina, & Son, 2020), as there is a high threat of depleting groundwater resources in dry areas through afforestation (Kumar, Khamzina, Knfel, Lamers, & Tischbein, 2021), (Zhang, Sun, Huettmann, & Liu, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<517::AID-AQC383>3.0.CO;2-C, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-018-0073-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102635, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Wetlands in the Aral Sea basin are reported to be unstable in terms of their hydrological regimes and are highly dependent on the water inflow, which in turn defines their salinity levels and ability to support native biodiversity (Schlter, et al., 2013). The continent of Africa is home to tropical rainforests,alpinemountains, and dry deserts. Rewilding should, however, be locally tailored not only within the context of a region or a continent, but also within the context of one single country (Sweeney, et al., 2019), as the number of factors influencing rewilding success may differ spatially. Half of world's GDP moderately or highly dependent on nature - PwC Aralkum national parkFootnote 7 total area: 10000km2, year of designation: 2022. Glob Change Biol 26:61346155. o innate immune system Ecosystems that host the most biodiversity tend to have ideal environmental conditions for plant growth, like the warm and wet climate of tropical regions. Only about 2,800 live in Canadas Quebecprovince.The warm waters of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans tend to be the most diversemarineenvironments. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. 4). Science (Pre-Test) Biodiversity Flashcards | Quizlet Sci Total Environ 738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139693, Gmez Martn E, Mez Costa M, Egerer S, Schneider UA (2021) Assessing the long-term effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions under different climate change scenarios. All sources of publications were considered in the review. In some cases, it has been demonstrated that protected areas can, among other things, provide human health benefits and thus can offset healthcare costs (Oberle, Mackinnon, & Sandwith, 2021). The chart shows information regarding the four ecosystems that has the highest biodiversity. A wealth of research into the relationships among diversity, stability, and ecosystem functioning has been conducted in recent years (reviewed by Balvanera et al. Which biome has the greatest species diversity? Least diversity? Upon reaching certain heights and within a few years, these species are able to reduce wind erosion and subsequent dust storms drastically. So, policymakers and scientists must collaborate to ensure that only native plant and tree species are used for afforestation, if the intervention is to count as a NbS. These are: marine (or saltwater), freshwater and those that are both. 2006, Hooper et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15645, CBD-UNDP (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.022, Lw F, Dimov D, Kenjabaev S, Zaitov S, Stulina G, Dukhovny V (2021) Land cover change detection in the Aralkum with multi-source satellite datasets. These threats have caused an unprecedented rise in the rate of species extinction. Atmos Chem Phys 13:1008110094. According to Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), drylands globally comprise the following categories: barren land (28%), grassland (25%), forests (18%), and cropland (14%); with the remainder classified as other land (which includes inland water bodies, other wooded land, apart from those classified as forests, built-up environment and unidentified land types) (FAO, 2019). The forest ecosystem survived because other kinds of trees also grew there.Biodiversity is important to people in many ways. It has also been documented that sub-soil conditions are at times more important than topsoil for tree growth (Matsui, Watanabe, Kussainova, & Funakawa, 2019). 1 for the world map of drylands). D. Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant., Which of the following examples illustrates the community with the highest biodiversity? Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve biodiversity and protect endangered species and their habitats. Rivers and streams can be hard to protect, because their ecosystems are often degraded by infrastructure like dams, which disrupt natural water flow. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to systematically review nature-based solutions in dryland ecosystems, and certainly the first with a specific geographic focus on the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan as a case study. Parks 27:712. Wetland restoration in the Aral Sea basin has a number of benefits both for the people and the biodiversity, and yet requires critical evaluation in terms of costs (e.g., water diversion, financial investments, sustainability, self-sustainment and etc.) Philosop Transac R SOC B-Biol Sci 375. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0121, Schachtsiek T, Lamers JP, Khamzina A (2014) Early Survival and Growth of Six Afforestation Species on Abandoned Cropping Sites in Irrigated Drylands of the Aral Sea Basin. Overall, in our view, the most common possible issues of NbS application in the Aral Sea basin requiring further in-depth research are the following: Resilience of afforested areas to weather changes, temperature fluctuations, water availability and their long-term sustainability. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Geneva. Springer Netherlands. The Texas Hill Country region southwest of Austin, growing fast and with little protected land, is one example.