By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Photos of the bodies of the Lakers star Kobe Bryant, his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna, and seven others who died in a helicopter crash near Los Angeles in January 2020 were shared on at least 28 . The . Zobayans brother, Berge Zobayan, has said in a court filing that Bryant knew the risks of helicopter flying and his survivors arent entitled to damages from the pilots estate. Your body is sensing something that isnt happening. Soon after, their bodies were located, removed from the crash site and transported to the departments Forensic Science Center.. 24 jersey he wore and the No. Homendy continued, adding that the helicopter was also not equipped with a cockpit voice recorders (CVR) and flight data recorders (FDR). We are also devastated for the families who lost their loved ones on Sunday, and we share in their grief intimately. Forty seconds before the crash, air traffic said: "You're still too low for flight following at this time.". I had to figure out a way where I could still train and focus on the craft but still not compromise family time., RELATED: Helicopter Crash Victim Christina Mauser Was About to Celebrate Daughters 4th Birthday: Husband. He was a coach, a colleague, a mentor and a friend at OCC for 27 years, the school which is located in Costa Mesa wrote. Alyssa Altobelli, John Altobelli, Keri Altobelli, Sarah Chester, Payton Chester, Christina Mauser all died alongside the Bryants, and pilot Ara Zobayan when the helicopter crashed into a hill just north of Los Angeles. Reuters. National Transportation Safety Board Investigator Jennifer Homedy said radar indicated the helicopter reached 2,300 feet before it began descending, with wreckage found at 1,085 feet. What say you? Both of Californias senators have called for the FAA to mandate the devices in the wake of the tragedy. MoreRegardingtheKobeBryantHelicopterAccident One of Zobayans former students described the pilot as one of the best. Bryant's body was found on one side of the wreckage, and his daughter's was found in a ravine on the opposite side. Meanwhile, tributes for the Lakers five-time champion forward poured in, including from Lakers current superstar LeBron James, who surpassed Bryant as the NBA's third-highest all-time scorer the night before Bryant's death. Homendy explained that NTSB introduced the idea of implementing the system years ago following a 2004 helicopter crash in Galveston, Texas that killed 10 people. John was the head baseball coach at Orange Coast College. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. New audio of Kobe Bryant helicopter crash discovered; aircraft did not From what I understand part of what she is suing for is the "emotional trauma" Kobe and Gianna faced prior to the crash. Kobe Bryant, all others aboard helicopter died immediately in crash TherecordsbytheLosAngelesAreacoronersofficesupplyamedicalhoweverunvarnishedcheckoutsimplyexactlyhowharshthecollisionwas,describingbustedbones,dismemberedbodypartsandastenchoffuelonwhatcontinuedtobeofclothingthatmelted. Alex Villanueva said he was "devastated and heartbroken" by their conduct. Another witness, Scott Daehlin, said he saw the chopper "100, 150 feet" above him and that those on board wouldn't have suffered when it crashed. Zobayan was certified to fly in foggy weather and would have had a say on whether to fly or not, the Federal Aviation Administration told The Sun. Did Kobe Bryant Know They Were Going To Crash The postmortem examination noted a tattoo of a crown on his right shoulder, over where his other half 's name, Vanessa, was imprinted. Breaking down the Golden State-Los Angeles matchup with 3 things to watch, 1 X-factor and a series prediction. He was 41. Hours before their fatal helicopter crash, Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna were taking communion before an early-morning church service . St. Margarets Episcopal School confirmed the news in a memo obtained by PEOPLE, in which the school said Payton was enrolled in eighth grade and Sarah served on its board of trustees. Throughout his career, Kobe won five NBA championships, appeared in seven NBA Finals, and is the league's fourth-highest all-time scorer in history. NTSB reveals new details in Kobe Bryant helicopter crash. So thats when I looked into helicopters, to be able to get down and back in 15 minutes and thats when it started, he added. "We know that this was a high-energy impact crash, and the helicopter was in a descending left bank," Homendy said. Initially the evidence pointed towards them not knowing they were going to crash, however I'm a little skeptical now due to portions of the wrongful death lawsuit Vanessa Bryant has filed. The others killed were Orange Coast College baseball coach John Altobelli, his wife, Keri, and their daughter Alyssa; Christina Mauser, who helped Bryant coach his daughter's basketball team; and Sarah Chester and her daughter Payton. He and Vanessa had a deal that they would never fly on a helicopter together, a source told PEOPLE of the couple, who tied the knot in 2001. LOS ANGELES (AP) The pilot who crashed the helicopter carrying Kobe Bryant , killing all nine aboard, made a series of poor decisions that led him to fly blindly into a wall of clouds where he became so disoriented he thought he was climbing when the craft was plunging toward a Southern California hillside, federal safety officials said Tuesday. Very graphic photos. Kobe was known since his playing days to travel frequently by helicopter to avoid the Los Angeles area's infamous traffic. Thesameday,VanessaBryantsubmittedaextensivelawsuitdeclaringthatZobayanwascarelessandalsonegligenttoflyinthefogandmusthaveabortedthetrip. During his two decades with the Los Angeles Lakers, he went on to become an 18-time All-Star, 15-time member of the All-NBA team and 12-time All-Defensive team member. 8 for the first 10 years of his career and No. and our Todd Schmidt, who identified himself as Paytons elementary school principal, wrote on Facebook that Payton and her mom Sarah were two gorgeous human beings., Schmidt told PEOPLE, Payton was one of those kids that everyone was drawn to because she was so genuinely kind, also adding, She went out of her way to make sure people felt comfortable she would seek out that kiddo who was alone and include them.. All nine aboard the helicopter had already been identified by friends and family. Text messages reconstruct copter crash that killed Kobe Bryant, eight A lot of couples with children make plans that are in the best interest of their children. To inquire about a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site. Im blessed to have had that experience four times now and theres nothing more powerful in this world.. Mountain police officers have been actively patrolling the area of the crash in search of looters as responders work to recover the bodies. HewasselectedbytheCharlotteHornetswiththe13thgeneralpickofthe1996NBAdraftandwasultimatelytradedtotheLosAngelesLakers. ", "Just the fact that a whole helicopter full of people crashed was shocking to us.". Who has the most points scored in a single game in NBA history? 108. Nine people, including Bryant, were killed in the crash. Nearly one year later, the facts . Their causes of death were certified as blunt trauma, the Coroners office Wednesday press release stated. Theyre in the fog, and youre down hugging the ground trying to fly up the highway and barely able to see it. While the NTSB has recommended the system be mandatory for helicopters, the Federal Aviation Administration requires it for only air ambulances. Also killed weregirls basketball coach Christina Mauser, Sarah Chester and her 13-year-old daughter, Payton, as well as college baseball coach John Altobelli, his daughter Alyssa Altobelli and wife, Keri Altobelli. On Sunday, Jan. 26, Bryant and Gianna attended a 7 a.m. mass at the Cathedral of Our Lady Queen of the Angeles in Newport Beach, PEOPLE confirms. Local mom Jennifer Orcholski, 52, told The Sun she bumped into Kobe and Bianka outside the Starbucks on Saturday night, just hours before the fatal accident. When the helicopter approached Burbank around 9.15am, the pilot circled in the air, keeping in constant contact with air traffic control. Headditionallyinkedmulti-yearendorsementmanageAdidas,Spriteandotherleadingsponsors. Email us at exclusive@the-sun.com or call 212-416-4552. Zobayanssibling,BergeZobayan,hasactuallysaidinacourtdeclaringthatBryantrecognizedtherisksofhelicopterflyingaswellashissurvivorsarententitledtoproblemsfromthepilotsestate. KobeBryantspenthisveryearlyyearsinItalyandjoinedtheNBArightoutofhighschool. "We were close enough that we could feel the air from the propellers. NTSB announces findings in Kobe Bryant helicopter crash Kobe Bryant's widow 'completely devastated', Basketball great Bryant dies in helicopter crash, AI chatbots 'may soon be more intelligent than us', Russia troop deaths hit 20,000 in five months - US, France May Day protests leave dozens of police injured, 'My wife and six children joined Kenya starvation cult', On board the worlds last surviving turntable ferry. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. National Transportation Safety Boardinvestigator Jennifer Homendy said the pilot had rapidly ascended to get out of a cloud bank and the helicopter was at 2,300 feet when it lost contact with air traffic control. Theseinjuriesarequicklyotherwisequicklyfatal,composedJuanCarrillo,elderlyreplacementclinicalexaminer,inBryantsreport. Bryant, a five-time NBA champion, played for the LA Lakers throughout his career and is considered one of the greatest players in the game's history. 2putonbyGianna. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/kobe-bryant-helicopter-crash-site-investigators-reveal-details/11910854, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, Reserve Bank hikes cash rate to 3.85 per cent as Qantas announces Alan Joyce's successor, RBA interest rate rise catches markets, banks and borrowers by surprise, Businesses to be forced to pay superannuation on payday, meaning more retirement income for workers, Health minister launches war on vaping, Medicare reforms, Doja Cat, Margot Robbie and Nicole Kidman attend Met Gala for fashion's biggest night. The helicopter ultimately plunged into a hillside at 9.45am Sunday, with an impact that scattered debris over an area the size of a football field and killed everyone aboard. Myheartcantakethepounding. And then the main rotor is about 100 yards beyond that.". 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. To donate, please go to MambaOnThree.org. "The fuselage is on the other side of that hill. LakerstaleKobeBryant:Remembrancesandalsoreaction When you visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Market data provided by Factset. Kobe is survived by Vanessa, 37, and their daughters Natalia, 17, Bianka, and Capri, who was born in June 2019. KobeBeanBryantwasbornuponAugust23,1978,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania. Kobe Bryant. The remains of all the victims were recovered Tuesday and so far the remains of Bryant, pilot Ara Zobayanand two other passengers have been identified using fingerprints. The . AlthoughBryantwasunrecognizable,aforensicexaminationofferedsuggestionsoftheAll-StarthatrecordedtheimaginationofLakersfollowersandthatwaswearingmulticoloredcourtshoesthedayhepassedaway. TheNationalTransportationSecurityBoardhasactuallynotendedwhattriggeredtheaccidentontheoutskirtsofLosAngelesCountyhoweversaidtherewasnosignofmechanicalfailingintheSikorskyS-76. A top LA County coroner described in graphic testimony what Kobe Bryant's body looked like to give the jury an idea of what the crash-site photos may have shown. He retired in April 2016 after a 20-year career with the team. We were so incredibly blessed to have them in our lives. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Is climate change killing Australian wine? A witness to Kobe Bryant's deadly chopper crash believes the nine victims aboard likely "didn't suffer" because the chopper was destroyed instantaneously.. Scott Daehlin told Extra that he . I wish they were here with us forever. You could hear the crushing, collapsing of fiberglass, Plexiglas, he said, adding the rotors stopped literally immediately without an explosion. The youngest girl, Capri Kobe, only 7 months old when her father died, is not mentioned. The only drug in Bryant's system was methylphenidate, which is sold under the brand name Ritalin and used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. The National Transportation Safety Board has not concluded what caused the crash on the outskirts of Los Angeles County but said there was no sign of mechanical failure in the Sikorsky S-76. Traffic started getting really, really bad, said Bryant. The area where they crashed was not a new area for him. Alyssa and Payton were Giannas teammates. Her husband Matt confirmed the tragic news, writing on Facebook, My kids and I are devastated. The same day, Vanessa Bryant filed a lengthy lawsuit alleging that Zobayan was careless and negligent to fly in the fog and should have aborted the flight. Homendy said the FAA has still failed to act on the advice. A fourth positive identification was made for Sarah Chester, who died in the crash with her 13-year-old daughter, Payton, another basketball player involved in the tournament. 11. r/aircrashinvestigation. NSFW. Antonio Brown's Albany arena team 'is in complete disarray after So many families affected and so much pain.. Sarah is survived by her husband Chris and her two sons, Hayden and Riley, who are in 10th grade. What is believed to be the NBA legend'shelicopter can be heard at varying sound levels and ends witha thump. They were our beautiful blessings taken from us too soon., To honor our Team Mamba family, the Mamba Sports Foundation has set up the MambaOnThree Fund to help support the other families affected by this tragedy, Vanessa wrote. Bryant is the only NBA player to have his team retire two numbers in his honor. "All of a sudden I hear impact, crash, breaking . The helicopter was not equipped with any kind of "terrain awareness and warning system," a device that might have alerted the pilot that the aircraft was dangerously close to the hillside, nor did the chopper carry a "black box" flight data recorder, which would make it easier to piece together the cause of the crash, she said. Cookie Notice For more information, please see our A subreddit for helicopter industry professionals and enthusiasts. It also meant he needed to fly lower to be able to see the ground, instead of using the instrument flight rules (IFR) that helppilots navigate through clouds, the Los Angeles Times and NPR reported. Thanks for contacting us. Did Kobe Bryant Know They Were Going To Crash By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. In November 2012, a Twitter user posted a tweet that stated "Kobe is going to end up dying in a helicopter crash." In January 2020, following the tragic death of NBA basketball legend Kobe Bryant . Among those who mourned Kobe were Michael Jordan, President Donald Trump, Usain Bolt, Jimmy Kimmel, and Barack Obama. Those five included Gianna, Payton, 13, Alyssa Altobelli, 14, Keri Altobelli, 46, and Mauser, 38. 16 May 2020. The chopper finally flew off and just 20 seconds later he heard the impact, describing it as a sudden thump as it crashed into a fog-covered hill. The system would have sounded analarm if the helicopter was approaching the ground. Here's what to know. For other inquiries, Contact Us. The Lakers will return to the court on Friday in a home game against the Portland Trail Blazers, a team spokeswoman said. Legal Statement. "The manner of death was certified as an accident". New footage said to be taken the day Kobe Bryant died shows a chopper circling overheard, according to Reuters news agency. Inthe2009NBAFinals,theLakersbeattheOrlandoMagictowinthechampionship. Bryant's 13-year-old daughter, Gianna, was with him on board the helicopter. Mymindcanhandletheworkyetmybodyrecognizesitstimetobidfarewell. These injuries are rapidly if not instantly fatal, wrote Juan Carrillo, senior deputy medical examiner, in Bryants report. We just had so much fun because it was the first time I was seeing the game through her eyes, the five-time NBA champion told former NBA players Matt Barnes and Stephen Jackson on the Showtime Basketball podcast All the Smoke. While chatting with Alex Rodriguez for Barstool Sports podcast The Corp with A-Rod and Big Cat, Bryant said that he would often spend a lot of time stuck in traffic while heading to practice for the Los Angeles Lakers from his home in Orange County. He maintained his innocence, and all charges were eventually dropped when the woman refused to . What was Kobe Bryant's likely cause of death? : r/morbidquestions - Reddit The recommendation was also rejected, Homendy revealed. Lakers News: Gregg Popovich Calls Kobe Bryant 'Superhero Who Was (Justin Deschamps) Yesterday, former LA Lakers star player Kobe Bryant died in a helicopter crash. His influence and legacy in the game of basketball was even greater. Kobe Bryant | Biography, Stats, & Facts | Britannica Autopsies show Bryant, other passengers died instantly in crash US officials: Pilot error caused Kobe Bryant chopper crash Ontheloweridealarmwerethenamesof3ofhis4daughters:BiankaBella,NataliaSequinandGiannaMaria-Onore,thedaughterthatdiedwithhim. Sven-Goran Eriksson has admitted he told Roman Abramovich to buy Chelsea instead of Tottenham because they would need less improvement. Did Kobe Bryant Know They Were Going To Crash, Jump Higher and Improve Your Vertical With Us, "You can either have results or excuses but not both. Vanessa Bryant, the widow of the Los Angeles Lakers superstar Kobe Bryant, said in a deposition that it took hours for her to learn officially that Kobe and their daughter Gianna had been killed . All nine people on board were killed: retired professional basketball player Kobe Bryant, his 13-year-old daughter Gianna, baseball coach John Altobelli, his wife Keri, his daughter . We're told they were on . Site where basketball legend Kobe Bryant was killed in a helicopter crash. Whenitstrucktheground,thehelicopterwasflyingatabout184milesperhouranddescendingatarateofgreaterthan4,000feetperminute. 24 for the latter half. When it struck the ground, the helicopter was flying at about 184 mph and descending at a rate of more than 4,000 feet per minute. Bill English, investigator in charge of the NTSB's major investigations division, said it's not clear yet whether "TAWS and this scenario are related to each other.". This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. KobeBryantRetirement "I remember seeing the name Kobe on the order and expecting them to come in," the Starbucks worker said. However, NTSB investigator Bill English also noted that there were still surrounding hills that would have required an even higher altitude for clearance. That area is not a common place for helicopters of airplanes to hold either and in most cases, the aircraft would fly through the valley and instead circle the airport. The best thing that happens is when we go out and fans come up to me, and shell be standing next to me, and theyll be like, You gotta have a boy, you and [wife Vanessa] gotta have a boy, somebody else to carry on the tradition, the legacy, he said in a 2018 Jimmy Kimmel Live interview. Kobe Bryant and his daughter, Gianna, were among nine who died in the crash, On board the worlds last surviving turntable ferry. The group, including one of his daughters coaches and two of her teammates, encountered thick fog in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. Flamesswallowedupthewreck,butburnsonthebodieswereidentifiedtohaveactuallyhappenedafterdeath. There was no communication for almost two minutes, at which time the tower asked the pilot to identify his aircraft. RIP.. Did Kobe and the other passengers know they were about the crash May 16, 2020 1:17 PM. A ceremony is scheduled for late August, though it might be delayed until at least October because of the coronavirus pandemic. Bryant's luxury passenger helicopter hit the ground at a speed of more than 610 metres per minute. We are completely devastated by the sudden loss of my adoring husband, Kobe the amazing father of our children; and my beautiful, sweet Gianna a loving, thoughtful, and wonderful daughter, and amazing sister to Natalia, Bianka, and Capri, Vanessa, 37, wrote on Instagram on Wednesday. OTD: BOAC Flight 911 BOAC Flight 911 (call sign "Speedbird 911") was a round-the-world flight operated by the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) that crashed near Mount Fuji in Japan on 5 March 1966, with the loss of all 113 passengers and 11 crew members. The news agency cited metadata from the phone used to take the video. This is an unimaginable loss for the Chester family and the entire St. Margarets community, read the memo. The others killed were Orange Coast College baseball coach John Altobelli, his wife, Keri, and their daughter Alyssa; Christina Mauser, who helped Bryant coach his daughters basketball team; and Sarah Chester and her daughter Payton. It is with the heaviest of hearts that we announce the passing of Orange Coast College head baseball coach John Altobelli. OneofthemostpreferredsportsfiguresinLosAngelesandalsoacelebaroundtheworld,Bryantneededtoberecognizedbyhisfingerprintsafterhisbodywasfoundinthedirtoutsidethewreckofthechopper. Did a 2012 Tweet Predict Kobe's Death? | Snopes.com I just think he was disoriented. LOS ANGELES (AP) The pilot flying Kobe Bryant and seven others to a youth basketball tournament did not have alcohol or drugs in his system, and all nine sustained . My friend is a pilot and he insists that they did not know they were crashing. The results of the post-mortem examination were posted on the website of the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner-Coroner office on Friday. Its just such a shock. The user who posted the video Sunday tweeted: I try and video /photograph all the weird stuff happening above my house in Glendale,CA., Unfortunately this morning I didnt realize I was filming the helicopter Kobe Bryant, his daughter and others were in 31 minutes before they crashed . There are three good reasons to question his death, one of which is so mindblowing you'll wonder how . Gianna Bryant, the former . It wasnt me sitting there, you know, as an athlete or a player or something like that, and you know its like about me, and I dont like that. Answer (1 of 5): Interesting A2A. OnApril13,2016,Bryantcharmedasold-outgroupattheStaplesFacilityandalsofansalloverinthelastgameofhiscareer,rackingup60pointsaswellasleadingtheLakerstoawinversustheUtahJazz. The aircraft did not have a device called the terrain awareness and warning system, which signals when an aircraft is in danger of hitting ground. Separately, earlier this year, the sheriff of Los Angeles County said eight deputies had admitted possessing graphic photos of the crash site. RotoWire considers the best player values in Yahoo fantasy leagues for Monday's 2-game slate of NBA playoff matchups. Kobe spent his last night with Gianna and his 3-year-old daugher, Bianka, at his local Starbucks. In1984,afterendinghisNBAprofession,theolderBryanttookthefamilytoItaly,whereheplayedintheItalianOrganization. Bryant also won championships with the Lakers in 2000, 2001 and 2002. One witness who was on a mountain bike said: "Out of the fog came a helicopter and it slammed into the mountainside about 200 feet from where we were standing." 24 jersey he wore and the No. ItwasBryantssixth60-pointvideogameofhisjob. All nine bodies have now been recovered from the crash site while new video apparently taken minutes before the death plunge has emerged. The reports by the Los Angeles County coroner's office provide a clinical but unvarnished look at just how brutal the crash was, describing broken bones, dismembered body parts and a stench of fuel on what remained of clothing that burned. Theairplanedidnothaveatoolcalledtheterrainawarenessandcautionsystem,whichsignalswhenanaircraftisindangerofhittingground. You got this. . She also has filed a claim, a precursor to a lawsuit, against the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department after deputies allegedly shared unauthorized photos of the crash site. The legendary NBA star and his daughter were flying to Kobe's Mamba Sports Academy in Thousand Oaks, where they had played on Saturday, at the time of the crash. On the lower ideal arm were the names of 3 of his 4 daughters: Bianka Bella, Natalia Sequin and Gianna Maria-Onore, the daughter that died with him. Cookie Notice There arent enough words to describe our pain right now, she continued. It sounds like they were all reduced to piles of meat on impact. An investigator works at the site of the helicopter crash that killed Kobe Bryant and eight others. Zobayan, an experienced pilot who often flew Bryant, climbed sharply and had nearly succeeded in breaking through the clouds when the craft took an abrupt left turn and plunged into the grassy, oak-studded hills below. Another source added Kobe would only ever fly with Zobaya and that he liked taking helicopters because they were quicker and he could spend more time with his family. Whethercontendinginthefinalsorliftingjumpshotsaftermidnightinanemptygym,Kobehasanunconditionalloveforthegame. ", The weather is not good enough for the police to fly, Ditchey added. Bryant was headed from Orange County to his daughters tournament at his Sports Academy in Thousand Oaks on the morning of Jan. 26. TheimpactcausedacraterandscatteredparticlesoveranareathesizeofafootballfieldintheCalabasashillsides. "On Jan. 28, the cause of death for all nine victims was ruled as blunt trauma," the examination said. Unanimous verdict finds that photos of the fatal accident invaded her privacy and caused emotional distress. TAWS is an on-board system aimed at preventing unintentional impacts with the ground. Kobe and his wife, Vanessa, reportedly maintained a pact not to fly in helicopters together in case there was an accident. In addition, he spoke of the joys of coaching his daughter Gianna and the Mamba Academy team she played on with her middle school friends. Why Were They Using a Helicopter to Get to the Game? Video verification company Storyful believes they have confirmed the footage is of Bryant's helicopter, by verifying the location of filming and lining up the flight path with the metadata. He knew the valley very well. The crash that killed the 41-year-old retired Los Angeles Lakers star, his 13-year-old daughter, Gianna donning the jersey she would have worn to play that morning, with the word Mamba on the front and her last name on the back pilot Ara Zobayan and the others is considered accidental. The Lakers' game against city rivals the Clippers scheduled for tonight has been postponed as Los Angeles continues to mourn. Radar data showed that the helicopter had ascended to 2,300 feet then began a left descending turn before air traffic control lost contact with it. An FDR preserves the recent history of the flight through the recording of dozens of parameters while the CVR preserves the sounds of the cockpit, which can include conversations of the pilot.